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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Description-experience gap ： ウィキペディア英語版 Description-experience gap The description-experience gap is a phenomenon in experimental behavioral studies of decision making. The gap refers to the observed differences in people’s behavior depending on whether their decisions are made towards clearly outlined and ''described'' outcomes and probabilities or whether they simply ''experience'' the alternatives without having any prior knowledge of the consequences of their choices. In both described and experienced choice tasks, the experimental task usually involves selecting between one of two possible choices that lead to certain outcomes.〔 The outcome could be a gain or a loss and the probabilities of these outcomes vary. Of the two choices, one is probabilistically safer than the other. The other choice, then, offers a comparably improbable outcome. The specific payoffs or outcomes of the choices, in terms of the magnitude of their potential gains and losses, varies from study to study. ==Description== Description-based alternatives or ''prospects'' are those where much of the information regarding each choice is clearly stated. That is, the participant is shown the potential outcomes for both choices as well as the probabilities of all the outcomes within each choice. Typically, feedback is not given after a choice is selected. That is, the participant is not shown what consequences their selections led to. Prospect theory guides much of what is currently known regarding described choices. According to prospect theory, the decision weight of described prospects are considered differently depending on whether the prospects have a high or low probability and the nature of the outcomes. Specifically, people’s decisions differ depending on whether the described prospects are framed as gains or losses, and whether the outcomes are sure or probable. Prospects are termed as ''gains'' when the two possible choices both offer a chance to receive a certain reward. ''Losses'' are those where the two possible choices both result in a reduction of a certain resource. An outcome is said to be sure when its probability is absolutely certain, or very close to 1. A probable outcome is one that is comparably more unlikely than the sure outcome. For described prospects, people tend to assign a higher value to sure or more probable outcomes when the choices involve gains; this is known as the ''certainty effect''. When the choices involve losses, people tend to assign a higher value to the more improbable outcome; this is called the ''reflection effect'' because it leads to the opposite result of the certainty effect.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Description-experience gap」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.